DISCOVERERS-INVENTORS IN BIOLOGY

DISCOVERIES IN BIOLOGY AND  GREAT BIOLOGICAL INVENTIONS

  • Amino acid sequence of protein (insulin)
    Sanger
  • Anaerobic release of energy
    L-Pasteur (1878)

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  • Bacteria
    Leeuwenhoek
  • Pure culture of Bacteria
    Lister J.
  • Bacteriophage
    Towrt and De Herelle (1915)
  • Blood Capillaries
    Marcello Malpighi
  • Blood Groups
  • Karl Landsteiner

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  • Blood Circulation
    William Harvey

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  • Bioluminescence
    E.R. Dubois
  • Biocatalysts
    Buchner

Cyanophage
Saffermann and Morris

First description of cell (RBC)
Jan Swammerdam (1658)

Cell and Organelles

  • Cell
    Robert Hooke (1665)
  • Living cell
    A.V. Leeuwenhoek
  • Cell Theory
    Schleiden and Schwann
  • Centrosome
    Van Benden
  • Centriole
    Van Benden
  • Chromosomes
    Hofmeister
  • Golgi bodies
    Cammileo Golgi
  • Plastids
    Haeckel (1866)
  • Chioroplast
    Schimper
  • Mitochondria
    Kolliker (1880)
  • Microtubules
    Robertis and Francis
  • Microfilaments
    Paleviz et. al (1975)
  • Nucleus
    Robert Brown
  • Nucleolus
    Fontana
  • Nucleoplasm
    Strasburger
  • Ribosomes (Animal cell)
    Palade
  • Sphaerosome
    Pernes (1953)
  • Astral rays and spindle
    Beevers
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
    Porter
  • Central Dogma
    F.H.C. Crick (1918)
  • Coenzyme A
    C. Lipmann
  • Chlorophyll structure
    Willstartter and Fisher
  • Cyclosis
    Amid
  • Cytochrome
    C.A. Macmunn (1886)
  • Citric Acid cycle
    Hans A. Krebs
  • Double Helical Structure of DNA
    Watson and Crick

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  • Biological Synthesis of DNA with template
    A. Kornberg.
  • biological synthesis of DNA without template
    H.G.Khorona
  • Enzyme
    Buchner
  • Embryo culture
    Laiback
  • Extra embryonic membranes
    Von Baer
  • Fertilization in plants
    E. Strasburger
  • Double fertilization
    Nawaschin
  • G0 phase
    Lajtha
  • Gaseous exchange in blood
    Ludwig (1872)
  • Genetic defects in human
    Sir Archibald Garrod
  • Giant Salivary gland chromosomes
    Balbiani (1881)
  • Hormones
    Beylis and Starling
  • Heterothallism
    Blackslee
  • Interferon
    Issacs and Linderman
  • Insulin use for treatment of diabetics
    Banting
  • Mendelism
    G. Mendel
  • Rediscoverer of Mendelism
    Correns, Hugo de Vries and Tschmark
  • Microtome
    W. His
  • Micro-organisms
    Leeuwenhoek
  • Mitosis
    W. Flemming
  • Meiosis
    Farmer and Moore
  • Mutations
    Hugo de Vries
  • Nucleic acid
    Meishcher called it ‘Nuclein’
  • Ovum (Mammalian)
    Karl E. Von Baer
  • Omnis cellula e cellula
    R. Virchow
  • Pinocytosis
    Edward and Lewis
  • Phagocytosis
    Metchnikoff
  • Penicillin
    Alexander Flemming
  • Plasmodesmata
    Strasburger
  • Photorespiration
    Garner and Allard
  • Quantosome
    Park and Bigginis (1960)
  • Quiescent centre
    Clowes
  • Protoplasm Physical basis of life
    Huxley
  • Streptomycin
    Salmon Waksman
  • Techniques
  • Chromatograph
    M.Tswett
  • Tissue culture
    A. Carrel
  • Isotopic tracing
    G. Havesy
  • Measuring gaseous exchange manometry
    0. Warburg
  • Locating DNA in cell
    A. Feulgen
  • Ultracentrifugation
    T. Svedberg
  • Avena curvature test
    Went
  • Teminism (Reverse Transcription)
    Temin
  • Synthesis of urea
    Wohler
  • Virus
    D. Iwanovsky
  • Obtained crystals of virus
    Stanley